abstract：:A fundamental assumption in neuroscience is that brain structure determines function. Accordingly, functionally distinct regions of cortex should be structurally distinct in their connections to other areas. We tested this hypothesis in relation to face selectivity in the fusiform gyrus. By using only structural conne...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Saygin ZM,Osher DE,Koldewyn K,Reynolds G,Gabrieli JD,Saxe RR

更新日期：2011-12-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Epilepsy is a common and refractory neurological disorder, but the neuronal regulatory mechanisms of epileptogenesis remain largely unclear. Activity-dependent transcription of genes for neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to promote epileptogenesis; however, little is known a...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Tan GH,Liu YY,Hu XL,Yin DM,Mei L,Xiong ZQ

更新日期：2011-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Learning to adapt to a complex and fluctuating environment requires the ability to adjust neural representations of sensory stimuli. Through pattern completion processes, cortical networks can reconstruct familiar patterns from degraded input patterns, whereas pattern separation processes allow discrimination of even ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Chapuis J,Wilson DA

更新日期：2011-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Binocular competition is thought to drive eye-specific segregation in the developing visual system, potentially through Hebbian synaptic learning rules that are sensitive to correlations in afferent activity. Altering retinal activity can disrupt eye-specific segregation, but little is known about the temporal feature...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Zhang J,Ackman JB,Xu HP,Crair MC

更新日期：2011-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term synaptic changes, which are essential for learning and memory, are dependent on homeostatic mechanisms that stabilize neural activity. Homeostatic responses have also been implicated in pathological conditions, including nicotine addiction. Although multiple homeostatic pathways have been described, little i...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Ping Y,Tsunoda S

更新日期：2011-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Very little is known about how stimuli that are typically not rich in sugars, such as beer, trigger attractive gustatory responses in Drosophila. We identified a member of the gustatory receptor family, Gr64e, as a receptor that is required for feeding preference for beer and other sources that have fermenting yeast. ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Wisotsky Z,Medina A,Freeman E,Dahanukar A

更新日期：2011-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotransmitter transporters can affect neuronal excitability indirectly via modulation of neurotransmitter concentrations or directly via transporter currents. A physiological or pathophysiological role for transporter currents has not been described. We found that GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) cation currents directly...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bagley EE,Hacker J,Chefer VI,Mallet C,McNally GP,Chieng BC,Perroud J,Shippenberg TS,Christie MJ

更新日期：2011-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood vessels in the nervous system have traditionally been considered neutral bystanders that only passively adapt their structure and function in response to the needs of neural cells. Emerging evidence suggests, however, that vessels and angiogenic molecules actively participate in the pathogenesis of neurological ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Storkebaum E,Quaegebeur A,Vikkula M,Carmeliet P

更新日期：2011-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Contrast is computed throughout the nervous system to encode changing inputs efficiently. The retina encodes luminance and contrast over a wide range of visual conditions and must adapt its responses to maintain sensitivity and to avoid saturation. We examined the means by which one type of adaptation allows individua...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Oesch NW,Diamond JS

更新日期：2011-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:As the neural network becomes wired, postsynaptic signaling molecules are thought to control the growth of dendrites and synapses. However, how these molecules are coordinated to sculpt postsynaptic structures is less well understood. We find that ephrin-B3, a transmembrane ligand for Eph receptors, functions postsyna...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Xu NJ,Sun S,Gibson JR,Henkemeyer M

更新日期：2011-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The diseased brain hosts a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular cells, meningeal macrophages and blood-borne monocytes. To date, the different types of brain myeloid cells have been discriminated solely on the basis of their localization, morphology and surface epito...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Prinz M,Priller J,Sisodia SS,Ransohoff RM

更新日期：2011-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Entorhinal grid cells in mammals fire as a function of animal location, with spatially periodic response patterns. This nonlocal periodic representation of location, a local variable, is unlike other neural codes. There is no theoretical explanation for why such a code should exist. We examined how accurately the grid...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Sreenivasan S,Fiete I

更新日期：2011-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons have frequently been regarded as a homogeneous cell population in biophysical, pharmacological and modeling studies. We found robust differences between pyramidal neurons residing in the deep and superficial CA1 sublayers in rats. Compared with their superficial peers, deep pyramidal ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Mizuseki K,Diba K,Pastalkova E,Buzsáki G

更新日期：2011-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine (DA) D2 receptors expressed in DA neurons (D2 autoreceptors) exert a negative feedback regulation that reduces DA neuron firing, DA synthesis and DA release. As D2 receptors are mostly expressed in postsynaptic neurons, pharmacological and genetic approaches have been unable to definitively address the in viv...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bello EP,Mateo Y,Gelman DM,Noaín D,Shin JH,Low MJ,Alvarez VA,Lovinger DM,Rubinstein M

更新日期：2011-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinal bipolar cells have been assumed to generate purely graded responses to light. To test this idea we imaged the presynaptic calcium transient in live zebrafish. We found that ON, OFF, transient and sustained bipolar cells are all capable of generating fast 'all-or-none' calcium transients modulated by visual sti...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Dreosti E,Esposti F,Baden T,Lagnado L

更新日期：2011-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and function of presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments varies markedly in neurons, but little is known about how they are functionally arranged with respect to each other. In rat hippocampal neurons, we found that, although they are structurally correlated from the early moments of formation, synapses...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Kay L,Humphreys L,Eickholt BJ,Burrone J

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Projection neurons migrate from the ventricular zone to the neocortical plate during the development of the mouse brain. Their overall movement is radial, but they become multipolar and move nonradially in the intermediate zone. Here we show that Reelin, the Rap1 GTPase and N-cadherin (NCad) are important for multipol...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Jossin Y,Cooper JA

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective attention filters information to limit what is encoded and maintained in working memory. Although the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is central to both selective attention and working memory, the underlying neural processes that link these cognitive abilities remain elusive. Using functional magnetic resonance imag...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Zanto TP,Rubens MT,Thangavel A,Gazzaley A

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The manner in which drug-evoked synaptic plasticity affects reward circuits remains largely elusive. We found that cocaine reduced NMDA receptor excitatory postsynaptic currents and inserted GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors in dopamine neurons of mice. Consequently, a stimulation protocol pairing glutamate release with hy...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Mameli M,Bellone C,Brown MT,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyamines are endogenous molecules involved in cell damage following neurological insults, although it is unclear whether polyamines reduce or exacerbate this damage. We used a developmental seizure model in which we exposed Xenopus laevis tadpoles to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a known convulsant. We found that, after...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bell MR,Belarde JA,Johnson HF,Aizenman CD

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TDP-43 is a predominantly nuclear RNA-binding protein that forms inclusion bodies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mRNA targets of TDP-43 in the human brain and its role in RNA processing are largely unknown. Using individual nucleotide-resolution ultraviolet cro...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Tollervey JR,Curk T,Rogelj B,Briese M,Cereda M,Kayikci M,König J,Hortobágyi T,Nishimura AL,Zupunski V,Patani R,Chandran S,Rot G,Zupan B,Shaw CE,Ule J

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic regulators. We show that HDAC1 and HDAC2 functions are critical for myelination of the peripheral nervous system. Using mouse genetics, we have ablated Hdac1 and Hdac2 specifically in Schwann cells, resulting in massive Schwann cell loss and virtual absence of myelin i...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Jacob C,Christen CN,Pereira JA,Somandin C,Baggiolini A,Lötscher P,Ozçelik M,Tricaud N,Meijer D,Yamaguchi T,Matthias P,Suter U

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic-acting NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) are important for neocortical synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that unique properties of the NR3A subunit enable preNMDARs to enhance spontaneous and evoked glutamate release and that NR3A is required for spike timing-dependent l...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Larsen RS,Corlew RJ,Henson MA,Roberts AC,Mishina M,Watanabe M,Lipton SA,Nakanishi N,Pérez-Otaño I,Weinberg RJ,Philpot BD

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in cortical circuits are hypothesized to control cognitive function. To test this idea directly, we functionally removed parvalbumin-positive interneurons selectively from hippocampal CA1 in mice. We found that parvalbumin-positive interneurons are dispensable for spatial re...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Murray AJ,Sauer JF,Riedel G,McClure C,Ansel L,Cheyne L,Bartos M,Wisden W,Wulff P

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How tightly tuned are the synaptic and intrinsic properties that give rise to neuron and circuit function? Experimental work shows that these properties vary considerably across identified neurons in different animals. Given this variability in experimental data, this review describes some of the complications of buil...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Marder E,Taylor AL

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cells in retinotopic brain areas increase their activity when saccades (rapid eye movements) are about to bring stimuli into their receptive fields. Although previous work has attempted to look at the functional correlates of such predictive remapping, no study has explicitly tested for better attentional perform...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Rolfs M,Jonikaitis D,Deubel H,Cavanagh P

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) is essential for normal sound localization behavior, but previous studies of the spatial sensitivity of neurons in A1 have found broad spatial tuning. We tested the hypothesis that spatial tuning sharpens when an animal engages in an auditory task. Cats performed a task tha...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Lee CC,Middlebrooks JC

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular basis of CNS myelin regeneration (remyelination) is poorly understood. We generated a comprehensive transcriptional profile of the separate stages of spontaneous remyelination that follow focal demyelination in the rat CNS and found that transcripts that encode the retinoid acid receptor RXR-γ were diffe...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Huang JK,Jarjour AA,Nait Oumesmar B,Kerninon C,Williams A,Krezel W,Kagechika H,Bauer J,Zhao C,Baron-Van Evercooren A,Chambon P,Ffrench-Constant C,Franklin RJM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter both actively (on stimulation) and spontaneously (at rest). It has been assumed that identical vesicles use both modes of release; however, recent evidence has challenged this view. Using several assays (FM dye imaging, pHluorin imaging and antibody-labeling of synaptotagmin)...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Wilhelm BG,Groemer TW,Rizzoli SO

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radial glial progenitor cells exhibit bidirectional cell cycle-dependent nuclear oscillations. The purpose and underlying mechanism of this unusual 'interkinetic nuclear migration' are poorly understood. We investigated the basis for this behavior by live imaging of nuclei, centrosomes and microtubules in embryonic ra...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Tsai JW,Lian WN,Kemal S,Kriegstein AR,Vallee RB

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying the decision of a stem cell to either self-renew or differentiate are incompletely understood. We demonstrate here that Fbw7 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing-7), the substrate re...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Hoeck JD,Jandke A,Blake SM,Nye E,Spencer-Dene B,Brandner S,Behrens A

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines undergo actin-based growth and shrinkage during synaptic plasticity, in which the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family of actin-associated proteins are important. Elevated ADF/cofilin activities often lead to reduced spine size and immature spine morphology but can also enhance synaptic po...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Gu J,Lee CW,Fan Y,Komlos D,Tang X,Sun C,Yu K,Hartzell HC,Chen G,Bamburg JR,Zheng JQ

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modeling of human neuropsychiatric disorders in animals is extremely challenging given the subjective nature of many symptoms, the lack of biomarkers and objective diagnostic tests, and the early state of the relevant neurobiology and genetics. Nonetheless, progress in understanding pathophysiology and in treatment de...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Nestler EJ,Hyman SE

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is important for many forms of synaptic plasticity. However, the link between activity and resulting synaptic alterations is not fully understood. We identified a direct interaction between N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF), an ATPase involved in membrane fusion eve...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Evers DM,Matta JA,Hoe HS,Zarkowsky D,Lee SH,Isaac JT,Pak DT

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breathing is a bilaterally synchronous behavior that relies on a respiratory rhythm generator located in the brainstem. An essential component of this generator is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), which paces inspirations. Little is known about the developmental origin of the interneuronal populations forming the p...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bouvier J,Thoby-Brisson M,Renier N,Dubreuil V,Ericson J,Champagnat J,Pierani A,Chédotal A,Fortin G

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two studies in this issue show that the protein MeCP2, which is implicated in Rett syndrome, also critically regulates behavioral responses to psychostimulants. Although the two studies highlight different mechanisms of MeCP2 in regulating these behaviors, both underscore the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in est...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Feng J,Nestler EJ

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal differentiation is accomplished through cascades of intrinsic genetic factors initiated in neuronal progenitors by external gradients of morphogens. Activity has been thought to be important only late in development, but recent evidence suggests that activity also regulates early neuronal differentiation. Act...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Marek KW,Kurtz LM,Spitzer NC

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The eyeless animal C. elegans is able to sense light and engages in phototaxis behavior that is mediated by photoreceptor cells. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying phototransduction in C. elegans remain largely unclear. By recording the photoreceptor neuron ASJ in wild-type and various mutant wo...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Liu J,Ward A,Gao J,Dong Y,Nishio N,Inada H,Kang L,Yu Y,Ma D,Xu T,Mori I,Xie Z,Xu XZ

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, olfaction is often used to distinguish individuals on the basis of their unique odor types (genetically programmed body odors). Parental-offspring recognition behavior is mediated, in part, by learning and processing of different odor types and is crucial for reproductive success. Maternal recognition beha...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Mak GK,Weiss S

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has shown that human adolescents may be hypersensitive to rewards, but it is not known which aspect of reward processing is responsible for this. We separated decision value and prediction error signals and found that neural prediction error signals in the striatum peaked in adolescence, whereas neural d...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Cohen JR,Asarnow RF,Sabb FW,Bilder RM,Bookheimer SY,Knowlton BJ,Poldrack RA

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00